Laminar flow describes the steady, orderly movement of a liquid in layers. Unlike turbulent flow, where particles move chaotically, laminar flow demonstrates predictable patterns. That occurs when the fluid's velocity is relatively low and the viscosity remains high. In such a scenario, each band of liquid slides smoothly past its neighboring layer

GPS spoofing is becoming a growing threat to security and safety worldwide. Attackers can manipulate GPS signals to deceive devices into believing they are in a different location, with potentially disastrous consequences. This technology can be used for nefarious purposes such as fraud, hostage-taking, and even espionage operations. The increasing